The Impact of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: A review

Background: Telemedicine practice is a rapidly evolving aspect of medicine in developed countries, though resource-limited countries like Nigeria are yet to embrace it fully. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has limited patients' visits to hospitals in addition to the social distancing measures deployed by the government. In addition, with the challenges of a limited number of doctors, among other difficulties, it has become important that a radical approach to patient care and treatment should be explored. Methods: A comprehensive literature review of original articles was done using an internet search. Words such as Telemedicine, COVID-19, Pandemic, Requirements, History, Benefits, and Challenges were searched on Google scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, Web MD, and Scopusto check for various articles published or any probable link. The references of the relevant articles were searched. Results: The practice of telemedicine has evolved over the years. Also, the global telemedicine market has grown exponentially and is expected to grow even further in the next five years. Unfortunately, this exciting narrative is not obtainable in developing countries like Nigeria. Indeed, some healthcare providers in Nigeria need to prepare for this new technological advancement, and consequently, they struggle to evolve their practice to adopt this new technology. Furthermore, there is disinterest from most of the end users, particularly the patients. Conclusion: Modifications must involve telemedicine services with a view of getting ready and well-organized in the event of any future pandemic such as COVID-19, in addition to harnessing the benefits of this service in the future.

Preliminary study on the construction of a comprehensive regulation mechanism for China's healthcare industry / 中华医院管理杂志

A comprehensive regulation mechanism,as one of the five basic healthcare system components,plays an important role in safeguarding the health and life rights of all nationals of a country.The authors explored the construction of such a mechanism and related reform experiences of the healthcare industry in the context of building a healthy China.On such basis,the paper analyzed in depth the connotation of the comprehensive regulation and the existing challenges,in order to propose countermeasures for the establishment of a proactive,comprehensive and coordinated comprehensive regulation mechanism.

Achievement and Future Tasks of Healthcare Industry Globalization Policies / 보건행정학회지

In 1994 Korea government began to develop the healthcare industry, since then the government has tried to create opportunities to promote the industry through various political efforts and policies. The biggest achievement was attracting foreign patients from 2009 to 2016 with a cumulative 1.56 million and total revenue of 3 trillion won. But Korea still loses the opportunity to become a global leader in the health care industry due to regulations and various ideological disputes. Accordingly, it is necessary to facilitate policy understanding and present a practical road map so that Korea's healthcare industry become a new growth engine that will lead the trend of global market in the future. It also suggests a national economic development paradigm, the health economy as health and economic value are rotated through a shift in view of health care. At this point, 20 years after the beginning of the healthcare industry development, it is necessary to evaluate the related policies and discuss effective future directions. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to examine the policies and limitations of the healthcare industry by each government division, and based on it, to propose political tasks for the future.

Mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry: 2014 national health insurance data

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that healthcare professionals are exposed to psychological distress. However, since most of these studies assessed psychological distress using self-reporting questionnaires, the magnitude of the problem is largely unknown. We evaluated the risks of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and any psychiatric disorders in workers in healthcare industry using Korea National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data from 2014, which are based on actual diagnoses instead of self-evaluation. METHODS: We used Korea 2014 NHI claims data and classified employees as workers in the healthcare industry, based on companies in the NHI database that were registered with hospitals, clinics, public healthcare, and other medical services. To estimate the standardized prevalence of the selected mental health disorders, we calculated the prevalence of diseases in each age group and sex using the age distribution of the Korea population. To compare the risk of selected mental disorders among workers in the healthcare industry with those in other industries, we considered age, sex, and income quartile characteristics and conducted propensity scored matching. RESULTS: In the matching study, workers in healthcare industry had higher odds ratios for mood disorders (1.13, 95% CI: 1.11–1.15), anxiety disorders (1.15, 95% CI: 1.13–1.17), sleep disorders (2.21, 95% CI: 2.18–2.24), and any psychiatric disorders (1.44, 95% CI: 1.43–1.46) than the reference group did. Among workers in healthcare industry, females had higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than males, but the odds ratios for psychiatric disorders, compared to the reference group, were higher in male workers in healthcare industry than in females. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sleep disorders, and all psychiatric disorders for workers in the healthcare industry was higher than that of other Korean workers. The strikingly high prevalence of sleep disorders could be related to the frequent night-shifts in these professions. The high prevalence of mental health problems among workers in healthcare industry is alarming and requires prompt action to protect the health of the “protectors.”

Research on the Development Path of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Healthcare Industry from the Perspective of Cross-boundary Integration / 中国卫生经济

Under the strategic background of the "Healthy China" and the "coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei",based on the perspective of cross-boundary integration,taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei health industry as the study case,it analyzed the basic condition of the health industry cross-boundary integration of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and considered that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei healthcare industry marketplace was immerse,which had good industrial foundation conditions and a certain degree of dislocation,provided with foundation for cross-border integration development.Therefore,it put forward further development path of the horizontal industry crossover and vertical industry chain integration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei healthcare industry,building and perfecting industrial chain,extending industrial development space,and promoting the cultivation and development of healthcare industry in three places.

Simulating the behavior of patients who leave a public hospital emergency department without being seen by a physician: a cellular automaton and agent-based framework

The objective of this study was to develop an agent based modeling (ABM) framework to simulate the behavior of patients who leave a public hospital emergency department (ED) without being seen (LWBS). In doing so, the study complements computer modeling and cellular automata (CA) techniques to simulate the behavior of patients in an ED. After verifying and validating the model by comparing it with data from a real case study, the significance of four preventive policies including increasing number of triage nurses, fast-track treatment, increasing the waiting room capacity and reducing treatment time were investigated by utilizing ordinary least squares regression. After applying the preventing policies in ED, an average of 42.14% reduction in the number of patients who leave without being seen and 6.05% reduction in the average length of stay (LOS) of patients was reported. This study is the first to apply CA in an ED simulation. Comparing the average LOS before and after applying CA with actual times from emergency department information system showed an 11% improvement. The simulation results indicated that the most effective approach to reduce the rate of LWBS is applying fast-track treatment. The ABM approach represents a flexible tool that can be constructed to reflect any given environment. It is also a support system for decision-makers to assess the relative impact of control strategies.

Significance, experiences and suggestions for developing international medical tourism / 中国卫生政策研究

On the basis of drawing on recently published literature on international medical tourism, this paper comprehensively summarizes the effects thereof on driving economic growth, expanding employment and improving in-ternational competitive power, analyzes the main driving forces for the international medical tourism development and the experiences from Thailand, India, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, etc. According to China’s advantages and dis-advantages and learning from the international experience, this paper proposes suggestions to develop China’s interna-tional medical tourism, including an improvement to the management system, formulating international medical tourism development strategies, building brand characteristics with traditional Chinese medicine, constructing ‘Ex-perimental and Leading Area’ , and promoting international certification for the medical institutions and services.

Undue influences on drugs and device industries distort healthcare research, and practice.

ABSTRACT: Background: Expenditure on industry products (mostly drugs and devices) has spiraled over the last 15 years and accounts for substantial part of healthcare expenditure. The enormous financial interests involved in the development and marketing of drugs and devices may have given excessive power to these industries to influence medical research, policy, and practice. Material and methods: Review of the literature and analysis of the multiple pathways through which the industry has directly or indirectly infiltrated the broader healthcare systems. We present the analysis of the industry influences at the following levels: (i) evidence base production, (ii) evidence synthesis, (iii) understanding of safety and harms issues, (iv) cost-effectiveness evaluation, (v) clinical practice guidelines formation, (vi) healthcare professional education, (vii) healthcare practice, (viii) healthcare consumer‘s decisions. Results: We located abundance of consistent evidence demonstrating that the industry has created means to intervene in all steps of the processes that determine healthcare research, strategy, expenditure, practice and education. As a result of these interferences, the benefits of drugs and other products are often exaggerated and their potential harms are downplayed, and clinical guidelines, medical practice, and healthcare expenditure decisions are biased. Conclusion: To serve its interests, the industry masterfully influences evidence base production, evidence synthesis, understanding of harms issues, cost-effectiveness evaluations, clinical practice guidelines and Healthcare professional education and also exerts direct influences on professional decisions and health consumers. There is an urgent need for regulation and other action towards redefining the mission of medicine towards a more objective and patient-, population- and society-benefit direction that is free from conflict of interests.

Review of Medical Services for Inbound Muslim Patients Associated with Global Healthcare Industry Activation: Focus on Nutrition Service

This article aimed to investigate problems relating to medical tourism based on a review of medical tourism reports and statistics in the global healthcare industry. To be a leading nation in the global healthcare industry, the needs and culture of many peoples, including Muslims, should be considered. Qualified medical services by JCI certification, including nutrition services, will provide opportunities to participate in the international and Asia medical tourism markets. In this article, the definitions of medical tourism, medical service, Halal and Haram, nutrition service for inbound Muslim patients, and Halal food supply in Korea were examined for medical service improvement. Mutual assistance between the government and private enterprise, sharing of medical service information, and construction of a cooperative network system are needed and should be supported by the government.

Padrões de acumulação setorial: finanças e serviços nas transformações contemporâneas da saúde / Capital accumulation patterns: capital and services in the current transformations of the health system

O objetivo deste artigo é introduzir elementos da reprodução econômica da sociedade capitalista na avaliação da dinâmica contemporânea da acumulação da saúde. São identificadas a direção e o sentido da acumulação de capital e o ambiente onde se desenvolvem os atuais processos de competição.O trabalho considerou a hipótese da hipertrofia da órbita financeira como um modo de estruturação da economia capitalista desde o último quartel do século XX, onde ficam embaçadas e corroídas antigas delimitações entre produção de bens e prestação de serviços. Mudam os padrões de competição entre as empresas, bem como as contradições internas e externas ao setor saúde. A abordagem é teórico-histórico-conceitual, visando aportar elementos para uma abordagem contemporânea do tema "complexo médico-industrial". São identificadas transformações internacionais e nacionais referentes à dinâmica do capital no complexo, com destaque para o crescente papel dos serviços. A nova abordagem é elaborada a partir do pensamento econômico de Marx, acrescido da discussão contemporânea sobre financeirização e novas configurações produtivas da grande empresa. Ao final, o caráter das contradições existentes no interior do complexo produtivo da saúde é problematizado.

The purpose of this article is to introduce elements of the capitalist society economic reproduction to the discussion around the current dynamics of health accumulation. It identifies the direction and significance of capital accumulation in the health area as well as the characteristics of the economic environment where the competition currently takes place. The hypothetic hypertrophy of the financial sphere is seen as a means for structuring the capitalist economy since the late twentieth century. The former delimitations between industrial production and service delivery are blurred and weakened; the competition process shows new features and the contradictions - internally between the different elements of the health industry and externally with other sectors - are changing. This article aggregates elements for a contemporary analysis of the "medical-industrial complex" on the basis of a theoretical-historical-conceptual approach. We identify changes in the capital dynamics of this complex at international and national level and stress the increasing role of the health services as a forefront of capital accumulation. The new approach is based on the economic thinking of Marx in addition to the current discussions about the theory of financial capital accumulation and the new productive configurations of the large corporations.